Hydrogenase由建筑设计师文森特 May 7th, 20105月7日举行,2010年
图1
Belgian architect比利时建筑师Vincent Callebaut建筑设计师文森特-has designed a conceptual transport system that would involve airships powered by seaweed.设计了一个概念性的运输系统,该系统将涉及飞艇由海藻。
图2
Called Hydrogenase, the project envisages that by 2030 there could be farms in the ocean producing biofuel from seaweed and acting as hubs for the aircraft.这个项目,叫做Hydrogenase设想,到2030年,会有农场生产生物燃料从海洋中海藻和作为枢纽的飞机。
图3
Here’s a lot of text from Callebaut:这里有很多的文本从卡。
“HYDROGENASE”“HYDROGENASE "
ALGAE FARM TO RECYCLE CO2 FOR BIO-HYDROGEN AIRSHIP农场藻类生物制氢回收的二氧化碳的飞船
Between engineering and biology, Hydrogenase is one of the first projects of bio-mimicry which draws its inspiration from the beauty and the shapes of the nature, but also and especially from the qualities of its materials and its self-manufacturing processes.在工程与生物,Hydrogenase之一,是第一个项目的bio-mimicry的灵感来自美丽的形状,自然,而且,特别是来自它的材料,品质以过程。The new green revolution is really in progress and enables us to design the air mobility of the foil after shock, 100% self-sufficient in energy and zero carbon emission!新的绿色革命是真正的进步,使我们能够设计空气流动的铝箔后,100%自给自足的冲击能量和零碳排放!This inhabitated vertical aircraft inaugures a clean and ethic mobility to meet the needs of the population en distress touched by the natural and sanitary catastrophes, and all that without any runway!这inhabitated垂直飞机提供干净的伦理inaugures流动性的满足人口en窘迫的自然和卫生灾难,都没有任何跑道!Its architecture is subversive and fundamentally critic towards the ways of living of our contemporary society that we have to reinvent totally!它的建筑是颠覆和从根本上评论家对生活方式的现代社会,我们必须重新完全!Let’s take off thanks to biofuels and let’s propel to the eco-responsible transport of the future!让我们脱多亏了生物燃料,咱们推进到eco-responsible运输的未来!
图4
2015: Biofuels of the 3rd generation, the challenge of a sustainable mobility2015年:生物燃料的第三代,挑战的可持续发展的机动性
The price of the fuel has just reached a new historical record by passing 75 dollars the barrel in 2010.这个价格已经达到了一个新的燃料经过75美元的历史记录的桶在2010年。Within 10 years, we could reach the famous “Hubbert Peak”, the precise moment from which the worldwide fuel production will begin to decrease because of shortages.十年内,我们可以达到的著名的“Hubbert山头”,这一刻,世界范围内的燃料生产将开始减少,因为缺乏。In such a context, the massive resort to renewable energies and nanotechnologies, that do not emit gas with greenhouse effect, is becoming an absolute economical, technological and political priority!在这样的背景下,对可再生能源的巨大的旅游胜地,nanotechnologies,不要冒气的温室效应,正在成为一个绝对的经济、技术和政治优先!From Queensland’s university to the Karlsruhe’s one, going through Berkeley in California, the « third generation » biofuels are in gestation and will revolutionize our future sustainable land or air mobility.澳洲昆士兰大学的人,要通过卡斯是在加州柏克莱大学第三代”,《生物燃料在妊娠期和将会改变我们的未来可持续土地或空气流动。Their main strengths: they do not compete either with the food cultures nor with the forest spaces and can be developed naturally everywhere in the world even in arid territories, the whole tending to a targeted bio-remediation of the industrial CO2.他们的主要优点:他们不竞争的饮食文化与森林的空间,可以自然地在世界的每个角落,即使在干旱地区,整个倾向于一个目标bio-remediation产业二氧化碳。
图5
Able to produce electricity and biofuel without emit CO2 or other polluting substances, the hydrogen especially is nowadays such as a very promising clean energy source.能够产生电力和燃料而发出的二氧化碳或其它污染物质,氢,非凡是如今如一个很有前途的清洁能源。Therefore (its production that respects the environment and in sufficient quantity) is a study theme that interests the biggest scientific international groups.因此,它的生产环境和足够的数量)是一种学习的主题,最大的科学国际集团利益。Actually, at the end of the 90s it has been discovered that the private sulphur micro-seaweeds go from the oxygen production (classical photosynthesis) to the hydrogen production.事实上,在90年代已经发现了micro-seaweeds离开了私人硫氧光合作用(经典)的生产氢。Such as a growing tree uses the solar radiance to manufacture organic material, we aim today at producing by photosynthesis some dihydrogen (i.e. gaseous hydrogen) from living micro-organisms as seaweeds from the « Chlamydomonas reinhardtii » family that owns enzyme of hydrogenase type.如一个日益增长的树,利用太阳能光辉生产有机材料,我们的目标是通过光合作用,今天在生产一些dihydrogen气态氢(即从活性微生物如海藻的«衣藻reinhardtii»家庭拥有酵素的hydrogenase类型。
图6
According to biologists, the output obtained by a farm with micro-seaweeds would be superior to those made currently with farming means to produce biodiesel or bioethanol.根据生物学家,产量得到了农场和micro-seaweeds将优势与耕作方式,目前制备生物柴油或生物乙醇。This could be estimated at 1000 litres of hydrogen for 330 grams of chlorophyll per day whereas for example colza produces roughly only 1000 litres of oil per hectare.这可能是大约1000升的氢为330克的叶绿素,每天为例colza而产生大约只有1000升的原油/公顷。According to industrials a hectare of seaweeds could thus produce organically 120 times more biofuels than a hectare of colza, soya or sunflower.根据工业一公顷的海草可以产生更多的生物有机120倍比一公顷的colza、大豆和向日葵。
图7
Moreover, a farm with seaweeds is a true miniature biochemical power station able to absorb CO2 as main nutrient by photosynthesis accelerated by producing hydrogen in vitro or in bioreactors.而且,一个农场和海草是一个真正的微型生物发电厂能够吸收二氧化碳为主要养分通过光合作用加速生产氢体外或生物反应器。This natural process, nourishing itself with our waste enables thus to recycle under the effect of the sun, in seaweeds or sea water baths, up to 80% of carbonic gas and NOx (nitrogen oxides also very impacting on the greenhouse effect).这自然过程,滋养自身与我们的废物回收利用使这样的作用下,海草和海水洗澡,高达80%的气体和氮氧化物碳酸(氮氧化物也非常的温室效应的影响。The global organic cycle enables therefore to revaluate our carboned rejections such as for example those are coming from filters with particles of our cars, reactors of our airplanes or also our rockets coming from thermal power stations with coal or gas.全球有机周期,因此我们可以拒绝审核提案人carboned如例如那些来自于我们的车和粒子滤波器的飞机上,反应堆或我们的火箭从热发电厂和煤、天然气。
图8
2020: Towards an aerial revolution and agree generation of airships?2020年:对天线的革命和同意一代的飞船?
The builders of airplanes get involved at maxima until 2020 according to an international agreement to be less polluting (reduction by 80% of their rejection in nitrogen oxides), to be thriftier in fuel (reduction of 20% of the fuel quantity by carried passenger) and finally to be more silent (reduction of 10 decibels, i.e. twice less noise).建筑商飞机的参与,直到2020年极值根据一项国际协议通过减少污染减少80%的排斥的氮氧化物),是thriftier燃料(减少20%的燃料的数量),最后由旅客携带更多的静谧,即减少10分贝的噪音低)的两倍。But what will happen when there will be no more fuel?但是时发生了什么事情时才会有更多的燃料?The end of air freight in 2030 ?最后,空运,到2030年时吗?According to forecasts, every year from 2010, 200 billion of Chinese people will fly to spend holidays abroad.据预测,到2010年,每年200亿美元,从中国人民将飞到国外度假。After the last born A380 of Airbus and the 777-200LR of Boeing, the airplanes of the future will not have such as their previous energy-consumers to be designed without taking into account the notions of sustainable development and the respect of the environment.去年出生后的空中客车A380和777-200LR波音飞机的未来,就不会有这样energy-consumers与他们之前,没有考虑到设计的理念和对可持续发展的环境。A theme totally ignored fifteen years ago in this sector!一个主题完全忽略了十五年前在这个领域!This transport must be eco-designed from renewable energies and present a statement of carbon emission equal to zero!这个运输必须eco-designed来自可再生能源和碳排放的声明等于零!
No airplane, no helicopter, no aircraft, the project « Hydrogenase » marks a new generation of state-of-the-art hybrid airships.没有飞机,没有直升飞机,飞机,该项目《Hydrogenase»标志着一个新一代先进的混合的飞船。It is dedicated to humanitarian missions, rescue operations, installation of platforms for scientific studies, and of course to air freight.我们致力于人道主义的任务,救援行动,安装平台的科学研究,当然,空运。Then, complementary activities could be entertainment, eco-tourism, hotel, human transports, air media coverage and territorial waters surveillance.然后,互补的活动可以娱乐、生态旅游、酒店、人力运输、航空媒体和领海监视。
图9
This mode of transport is certainly less interesting than the piggyback or sea freight and slower than airplane; however it needs less infrastructure and multimodal platforms (runway, freeways, ship/truck alternation…).这个运输方式的确是与依附或海运和速度比飞机;然而它需要较少的基础设施和复合平台(跑道、高速公路、船/卡车变更…)。It consumes thus less territory and will progressively enable to heal our landscapes slashed by the transport network leading to a massive deforestation.它消耗的领土上,从而减少了对医治我们将逐步使风景大幅减少了交通网络导致大规模砍伐森林。Therefore, it costs 10 times less for the carriage of heavy loads as well as traveller transport, and everything without damaging the planet!因此,它的成本降低了10倍的运输重物以及旅客运输、和一切不破坏地球!For the specialists of logistical transport facing the long lasting absence of appropriated road or airport infrastructures in many parts of the world (desert and oceans), this new generation is also very expected to link production sites and using sites.对于专业的物流运输面对持久的缺失的道路或机场设施拨付在世界许多地区(沙漠或海洋),这个新一代也很期望生产基地和使用网站链接。Moreover, flying free health care centres or even country hospitals could also interfere during natural catastrophes, where lives could be in danger.另外,飞行的免费医疗中心或甚至国家医院也会影响生活在自然灾害,那里可能有危险。It could also explore and help underprivileged territories of the third world by carrying the raw materials of our globalised alimentation to those who are hungry in remote places!它还能帮助贫困地区的探索与第三世界国家的原材料采用我们的全球化的营养对那些饥饿的偏远地方!
图10ydrogenase is thus a jumbo jet vessel (DGP) that flies at an average of 2 000 meters high.Hydrogenase是这样一个巨型喷气式客机容器(数据),平均2万米高。This cargo measures almost 400 meters high for 250 000m3.这批货的措施几乎400米高的250 000m3。It can carry up to 200 tons of freight at 175 km/h (i.e. twice the speed of a ship and more than one and a half time than the one of a truck).它可以携带200吨的货物在175公里/小时的速度(即两次船和超过一年半的时间比一辆卡车)。Seven times slower than an airplane, it has an action potential between 5 and 10 000km and re-teach our contemporary travellers the long time of sea cruises and the praise of the slowness.7次比飞机慢,它有一个动作电位5到10 000km和re-teach当代旅行者的长时间的海上巡游,缓慢的赞美。The history of the transports which was until now summarized in a study that reveals to always go faster, is soon finished for the benefit of “better travel” in airship!历史的运输,是迄今所做的一项研究,揭示了总是要快,不久就结束了“旅游”在飞船!
图11030: Hydrogenase, the 100% self-sufficient organic airship of the future2030:Hydrogenase,100%的自给自足的未来飞船有机
The project Hydrogenase brings to question the « always faster » of our frenetic society and thinks differently to the mobility and services.这个项目Hydrogenase带来的«总是更快的狂热的社会”思考迁移和服务。With bionic look, this inhabited vertical airship sets in the heart of a floating farm of seaweeds that reload it directly with bio-hydrogen.与仿生看来,这个居住的垂直飞船在心脏的浮动的农场,它直接与海藻装生物制氢。These two interdependent entities are both nomad and organic, the first one flies in the sky and the second one on the seas and oceans.这两种相互依存的实体都是游牧和有机,第一个飞在空中,另一个在海洋。
图12he proactive ship flourishing in the air :“先发制人式”的船在空中与繁荣
The semi-rigid not pressurised airship stretches vertically around an arborescent spine that air-dynamically twists on more than 400 meters high and 180 meters of diameter.延伸的半刚性不是垂直加压太空船在激烈的air-dynamically块茎脊柱超过400米高和180米直径。Forming a big flower ready to open, the spaces divide in cross under the shape of petals that welcome respectively the main sectors of activities: housing, offices, scientific laboratories and entertainment.形成一个大花的准备,在空间中分形的花瓣,下的主要行业的欢迎分别为:房地产、办公室、行为科学实验室和娱乐。The stem around the one these functional petals structure themselves, welcome the vertical circulations, the technical premises and the goods warehouses for the freight.阀杆周围的人,这些功能的花瓣结构本身,欢迎垂直循环、技术的场所,货物仓库的货物。
图13hese 4 inhabited spaces are included between 4 great bubbles inflated with bio-hydrogen, a renewable energy.这4个居住空间包括4大气泡膨胀与生物制氢、可再生能源。These bubbles are made with a rigid hull in light alloy shaped with twisted longitudinal beams linked together by wide sinusoidal rings.这些泡沫是由一个刚性船体形状和扭曲的轻合金纵梁联系在一起的大正弦环。Every end is finished by a cone, and the one at the bottom, the most sharpened one carries the stabilizers and the rudders of deepness and of direction.每个结束后,由一个锥形的底部的一个人,最尖锐的稳定剂和舵进行深度和方向。This framework is covered by a double layer of waterproof, fireproof, glazed canvas to reduce the resistance to advancement.该框架覆盖著一层防水、防火加倍,釉面帆布来减少阻力。The in-between is divided into slices in which there are small balloons full of helium.介于分为切片的在上面有小的气球充满氦。The helium mattress in periphery enables to protect the balloons of bio-hydrogen and helium, the remaining 30% are provided by the aerodynamic of the airship twisted fuselage with the speed, as for an airplane.在周边的氦床垫能保护的生物制氢和氦的气球,剩下的30%是由空气动力学的飞船扭曲和速度,机身为一架飞机。
图14his type of airship is of course heavier than a flexible aerostat of same cubing because of the weight of the structure, but it can reach higher speeds, thanks to the solidity of its hull in titan, and carry more tons thanks to the ability to build always bigger layers (10000 m3 in 1900, 70 000 m3 in 1924 and 200 000m3 in 1938, 250 000 m3 in 2010).这种类型的飞船,这当然是一个灵活的重得多,因为aerostat相同的重量和结构,但它能达到更高的速度,多亏了稳固的它的壳在泰坦,携带更多的能力万吨由于建造总是大层10000立方米(1900年,70万立方米,1924年,000m3 200万立方米,1938年,250在2010年)。What distinguishes also such a machine from classical aircrafts from the past is that this one is heavier than the air and flies thanks to the Archimedes’ thrust (that does every balloon or aircraft), to helixes or at its subtle twisted aerodynamic that enables to reduce the oscillations of the limited layer.这种机器的区别是什么也从古典飞机从过去是这样一个重于空气和苍蝇多亏了阿基米德,每个气球推力(或飞机),或在其微妙的扭曲螺旋气动设备能够减少振荡的有限层。The fact that it is heavier than the air enables actually descents faster without having especially to eject gas.事实上,它是重于空气使其实没有非凡的潜水快排出气体。Moreover, the sustentation is based on the compression and the decompression of the biogas.另外,持续性是基于压缩和解压的沼气。Hydrogenase can thus be lighter or heavier according to the wished needs and the height.Hydrogenase就可以亮或重根据需求和愿望的高度。
图15n order to build a proactive airship with positive energy, we also have integrated all the renewable energies.为了营造一个积极的飞船和积极的能量,我们也有综合所有的可再生能源。Actually, whereas the inflatable bubbles are glue-backed with flexible photovoltaic cells the four wings of the vessel are each of them inlayed with turbo-propellers with recuperation of energy.实际上,而充气的气泡glue-backed光伏电池和灵活的四个翅膀的容器是他们中的每一个人都镶嵌turbo-propellers和休养的能量。These 20 wind propellers are articulated around orbital rings which enable them to go from the horizontal position at the take-off to the vertical position assuring the vessel a navigation speed of 175km/h.这20风螺旋桨连接,使他们周围轨道环从水平位置在起飞到垂直位置保证船舶航行速度的一175km /小时。The inhabited spaces integrate by steps vegetable gardens photopurifyng the used waters, the biomasses damaging the organic waters and loaded fuel cells.有人居住的空间整合的菜园photopurifyng逐步采用水、水损害的生物量和装载燃料电池的有机物。Nothing is lost, everything is recycled and transformed!什么是失去了,一切回收和改造!
图16
On top of absorbing the solar energy, this flying castle draws its inspiration from the biomimicry technologies and is built in lighter and more resistant composite materials (fibreglass and carbon fibre) in order to reduce the weight of its structure at the maximum.顶部的太阳能,吸收的飞行城堡的灵感来自联合国技术,是建在轻更耐磨复合材料(玻璃纤维、碳纤维)为了减轻体重,其结构在最大的。The fitting is thus self cleaning, in nanostructured glass inspired from the lotus leave that does not get wet.这样的拟在纳米玻璃清洗,自我激励的莲花离开而不被雨淋湿了。The vessel is thus made of « intelligent layers » avoiding for example the accumulation of ice or snow and « self-separable ceramics » offering a bigger resistance to the split and that fill the cracks.从而使船的«智能层> > >避免例如累积的冰雪,«self-separable提供一个更大的电阻瓷”的分裂,填补了裂缝。This bionic coating draws also its inspiration from shark skin that enables without being toxic to avoid the adhesion of bacteria whereas the four wings present irregularities of surface, as the finely beaded whale fins do, in order to reduce the turbulences.该型涂料绘制同样的灵感来自于鲨鱼皮,使不被有毒,避免性细菌则呈现不规则的四翼面,精心串珠鲸鱼的鳍,以减少了动荡。The green industry meets thus through this bionic prototype the expectations of the consumption, the always more demanding antipollution regulation and the rarefaction of resources.绿色产业遇到这样的期望透过这仿生模型的消费,总是更严格的污染防治条例》和《rarefaction资源。
The floating organic farm on seas and oceans:漂浮的有机农场在海洋。
The floating farm is a true organic purifying station composed of 4 carbon wells in which the green seaweeds recycle our carbonated waste brought by ships.是一个真正的流动农场组成的有机净化站在4碳井的绿色海藻废物回收我们所带来的船只碳酸。This is directly dedicated to feed organically in biohydrogen the proactive airship.这是直接地致力于生物有机饲料中积极的飞船。It replaces thus the petrol station as the runway for traditional airplanes and looks like a weaving of fine amphibian laces!它取代了这样的加油站为传统的飞机跑道,看起来像个编织的两栖鞋带!
Actually, it sets up as much underneath as on top of the sea surface and respects the quadripartite sharing out in petals of the whole Hydrogenase project.事实上,它设置为尽可能多的下面的海面上,尊重quadripartite分享在花瓣的整个Hydrogenase项目。Continuing the 4 wings of the pneumatic tower, 4 great arches structure this circular platform and distribute vertically all the levels of the central ring inhabited by the scientists.持续了四个翅膀的气动塔,4大拱门结构本通知平台和分配垂直各级中央环的科学家。At the surface, these arches are covered by thermal and photovoltaic solar shields whereas under the water they are set with 32 hydro-turbines transforming the tidal energy of the sea streams into electricity.在水面,这些拱门是由热及光伏太阳能盾牌而下他们是集32含量的潮汐能源转换成电力。海溪流
Energically self-sufficient, this farm organises on a radiant plan, the seaweed bioreactors exposed to the zenith sun under the lenticular accelerators for a better photochemical output.Energically编排上自给自足,这个农场的一颗璀璨的计划、海藻生物反应器暴露在阳光下的天顶透镜加速器,为了更好的光化学输出。The whole set forms four gardens dedicated to the accelerated photosynthesis where we access through marinas setting the exchanges between this true new floating city and the surrounding coasts.整个组形成四大名园致力于通过光合作用,加快我们访问设置交流游艇码头这个真实的新漂浮的城市与周边的海岸。On top of producing clean energy, this floating purifying station is also an incredible observatory of the sea fauna and flora that fight for the protection of ecosystems and for the revitalization of the beds of corals and of endangered species.上面的清洁能源,这个漂浮的净化站也是一个令人难以置信的天文台的海洋动物、植物为食的动物的保护,对抗的生态系统,为实现中华民族伟大复兴的床的珊瑚和濒危物种。It is a true cleaner of seas and oceans by skimming and damaging as main nutrient the floating waste banks of our energy-consuming civilisation.这是一个真正的清洁的海洋被略读和破坏作为主要养分漂浮的废物银行耗能文明。
Hydrogenase is thus a project of environmental resiliency that will enable to invent a clean mobility according to a « cradle to cradle » cycle respecting our planet by assuring also the technological evolution of the human adventure !因此Hydrogenase项目的环境弹性能创造一个干净的流动,根据«摇篮尊重我们的星球的摇篮”以保证周期的科技的发展,人类的冒险!As biotechnological prototype, it aims at being the symbiosis of men actions and their positive impacts on the nature.作为生物工程样机,它的目标是成为男人的行为和他们的积极影响。By imitating the processes of natural ecosystems, it deals with reinventing the industrial, town-planning and architectural processes to produce clean solutions and create an industry where everything is reused, either back to the ground under the shape of not toxic « organic nutrients », or back to the industry under the shape of “technical nutrients” able to be indefinitely recycled.通过模拟的过程中,它涉及自然生态系统开发过程中,城市与建筑流程工业生产清洁的解决方案,创造一个行业的东西都在什么地方,或者回到地面下形成的《有机营养无毒,还是回到了”的“工业技术营养素的形状可以被无限期地回收”。
谭高科
fantasy