Valkenberg 庄园中的住宅，荷兰_张晓伟_美国室内设计中文网博客

位置
Location

项目是Valkenberg庄园的一部分。建筑设计反映了旷野中的长度、景色和隐秘的特征。房间的大小、光线、材料的使用保证了空间中的景色会随着视线的变换而不断变化。入口处现存的树篱使得设计团队为住宅设计了一个具有仪式性的、长长的通道。中央的开敞式厨房为这个隐秘的空间提供了新的体验。建筑被周围的景观层层遮掩，从而使得整个建筑享有很好的私密性。

The house is part of the estate Valkenberg and therefore takes a position in the tradition of heirs and estates in Twente. The house absorbs the length, the views and the seclusion – recognizable characteristics of the bocage – in itself. The size of the rooms, the light, the use of materials and the orientation ensure that the prospect of the bocage is constantly changing when moving through the house. The length of the entrance is communicating with the existing hedgerows. The new sheltered environment of the bocage is to experience in the open, central kitchen. The panorama of the ash is to celebrate in the privacy of the living room. The landscape is appearing in the villa in multiple guises.

▼建筑外观，appearance of the building ©KIM ZWARTS

每日空间
Daily space

这个家庭住在这个地方很久了，他们拥有一个奶牛场。整个区域的景观都是他们日常生活的一部分。设计团队试图将景观变为房子灵感的来源。这样他们日常的户外工作也可以直接和内部空间联系在一起。建筑师通过空间的收放、照明、功能、材料和朝向创造了步移景异的效果。建筑必须满足住户的生活需求，使他们能够享受和体验日常空间。

The client had a dairy farm. The family had lived in this place for ages. The whole landscape is a result of their daily history. We have tried to make the landscape the origin of the house. In this way their everyday rituals that take place outside can pass directly into the family rituals that take place inside the house. We have done this by creating spaces that ensure that the perspective is constantly changing because of their seize, illumination, function, materials and orientation. The architecture has to receive the resident. The home has to enable him to experience the space and to live his everyday live here. It should not constantly ‘talk’ with him.

▼区位，the site

从路上到餐桌
From dirt road to dining table

通过一条土路，两排老桦树掩映的车道将客人引入建筑的门廊。道路沿着一侧厚厚的砂石墙壁缓缓下降，随着离建筑的距离越来越近，光线越来越暗，人们渐渐失去和景观的连接。经过厚重的橡木门，会进入一个 9 米高的空间，光线由一扇大的落地窗引入。空间中央水平的长桌用于与家人分享，享受着周围环绕的自然景观，这里是整个建筑中最重要的空间，是这个家庭每天早晚聚集在一起的空间。

Through a sandy path, the resident enters the driveway at an old birch, Here, he can overlook the first private bocage.Along the thick Bentheim sandstone walls, he descends – thanks to the relief of the landscape. It gets darker and the resident loses his direct connection with the landscape. Behind the heavy, made of oak, front door, he enters a nine-meter-high space. The large windows let the light enter along the six-meter-high Bentheim sandstone wall in the entrance hall. Right in front of him there is the dining table in a horizontal space that is embraced by the panoramic hedgerows. This is the most important place in the house. It’s the space in which the family gets together every morning and every evening.

▼通向建筑的道路，the sandy path leads to the building ©KIM ZWARTS

▼厚重的橡木门，the heavy oak front door ©KIM ZWARTS

从楼梯到床
From stairs to bed

通过巨大的入口大厅，来到楼上 – 在这个空间中不能以景观为导向。在楼梯的顶部的左手边是图书室，可以看到入口的车道。右边是客厅，会看到自然景观。走廊尽头是主卧室，一个 6 x 6 x 6 米的空间。居住于此的居民可以欣赏到各个季节的景色。

Through the monumental entrance hall, the resident can go upstairs – here you cannot orientated on the landscape. At the top of the stairs he’ll find the library on his left hand, with a view of the driveway. On his right there is the living room, around a second fireplace with a view on the ash towards Germany. At the end of the route there is the master bedroom which has a ratio of 6 x 6 x 6 meters. Here the resident wakes up with a view of all seasons.

▼餐厅，dining area ©KIM ZWARTS

▼由楼梯进入二层，the staircase leads to the upper floor ©KIM ZWARTS

由当地材料制成
Made of local materials

建筑师使用了当地天然的材料来建造这幢房子，包括在进入设计阶段之前业主就已经购买的砂石和一栋旧房子中的材料。这些都成为了建造建筑的材料。Dinkelland 附近美丽的谷仓由未经处理的橡木制成，这种材料在该地区十分常见。

We find it very important that the materials – if possible – come from naturally grown, raw materials. Prior to the design, the family bought some sandstones of an old, demolished house. This had to be the basis for their home. The beautiful barns near Dinkelland are made from untreated oak, a material that can be found superfluous in this area.

▼建筑二层，the upper floor ©KIM ZWARTS

工艺
Crafts

木匠在两天内完成了橡木结构的建造。所有的柱子和梁通过燕尾接头连接。每个接口，每个连接都被架设在了正确的位置。建筑结构由未经处理的层压橡木制成，包括整栋建筑的内部也是同样。建筑师选择了选择了沉重的砂岩来装饰一些具体的空间以增加使用感受的多样性。石头的外立面根据不同的朝向使用了不同的材料，随着季节的变化而变化。

The carpenter assembled the oak structure in two days. All of the columns and bars are connected by dovetail joints. Every cut, every nick, every connection was already in the right bar, on the exact right place. The frames are made of untreated, laminated oak. The entire interior is made of solid oak. With the bricklayer we selected the heavy sandstones carefully to designate specific places. The appearance of the stone differs by its orientation to the sun and it transforms with the seasons.

▼建筑的橡木结构，the frames are made of untreated, laminated oak ©KIM ZWARTS

施工
Construction

混凝土地下室被砂岩饰面包裹。在砂岩顶部是混凝土预制板。这块板子悬挑向厨房外的空间。整个施工过程中最重要的是橡木结构，木结构的构造解释了空间布局的逻辑。像日本建筑一样，根据空间的功能，使用了不同的材料。这使得结构定义了规模，位置和关系。

The concrete basement is surrounded by Bentheim sandstone. On top of the sandstone are the sand-coloured concrete prefab-elements with a concrete construction floor. This plate has an overhang of six meters in the area of the kitchen. On top of this there is the oak structure. The tectonics of the wood construction explains the space. Like in Japanese architecture the structure is filled with different materials depending on the function of the space. This has caused a rich variety within the structure that defines scale, location and relationships.

几何的设计原则
Geometric ordering principles

一堵厚厚的墙将景观和建筑联系在一起，墙体结束在一个贯通上下层的壁炉的位置，分割出狩猎室的空间。从橡木天花，天窗和混凝土元件中可以看到建筑的上部空间被分割成一系列正方形。

A thick wall intersects the landscape. The hunting room is formed by that wall and embraces the room. This ends up in the two fireplaces downstairs and upstairs. The plate above is divided into a series of squares that are visible in the concrete elements, square spaces, the oak ceiling and the light points.

可持续发展
Sustainability

时间上的延续性
设计期间，业主将团队带到的第一处灵感场所是位于本特海姆城堡的凯瑟琳教堂，它已经有600年的历史。一个神圣、简单的空间，由砂岩和橡木制成，散发着美丽的光芒。

再利用
设计之前，客户买了一栋旧房子的一些砂岩，这些现存的建筑材料最后变成新建筑的一部分。庄园里有着大量的橡树，设计团队决定就地取材，这些橡木也被运用到了房子的建设中。

减少能源消耗
建筑的热力系统、化粪池和燃烧炉加热将有助于提高能源效率。

生态景观开发实现可持续发展
这个别墅的设计有助于加强当地的生态系统。草地、石楠、灌木，两栖动物所生活的池塘、溪流都是设计的一部分。通过放牧、割草、施肥、修剪和减少使用农药的策略都有助于维护当地的生态环境。房子一侧的溪谷是业主提出建造的，为庄园中的鹿群提供饮水的场所。

Sustainability through age
The first place the family took us for some inspiration was the six centuries old Katharine Church of the castle in Bentheim. A very sacred and simple space made of sandstone and oak, with a beautiful light.

Sustainability through reuse
Prior to the design, the client bought some sandstones of an old demolished house. This had to become the basis for the new house. Oak trees are found in abundance on the estate. The wood for the house comes from trees that are felled and laid out to dry in front of the house by the family.

Sustainability by reducing energy consumption
A thermal storage system, a septic tank and heating by wood-burning stoves will contribute to a more energy efficient home.

Sustainability through ecological landscape development
The estate will contribute to the development of a new Ecological Network (Ecologische Hoofdstructuur, EHS). Hedgerows, heather, thickets, amphibian ponds and brooks have been re-designed. All of the land is maintained within the EHS by grazing, mowing, fertilizing, pruning and reduced use of chemical pesticides. A herd of deer is living on the estate. Next to the house there is a stream valley, dug by the client. By the tracks of the hooves you could see that the deer used the small river as drinking places.

▼立面，elevation